Understanding the N-400 Form: What It Is and When to Use It
The N-400, officially known as the Application for Naturalization, is a critical form for individuals seeking to become naturalized U.S. citizens. Filed with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), this form marks one of the final steps in the immigration journey. Naturalization grants you the rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizenship, including the ability to vote and apply for a U.S. passport.
When to Use the N-400
You should use the N-400 if you meet the eligibility requirements for naturalization, including:
- Being a lawful permanent resident (green card holder) for at least five years, or three years if married to a U.S. citizen.
- Meeting physical presence and continuous residence requirements.
- Demonstrating good moral character.
- Passing the English language and U.S. civics tests (with exceptions for certain age or disability conditions).
Additionally, members of the U.S. armed forces and their families may have special eligibility pathways. Ensure you review USCIS guidelines carefully to confirm your eligibility before filing the N-400.
Instructions for Completing the N-400
Filling out the N-400 can be a detailed process, so it’s essential to approach it with care to avoid delays or denials. Below are step-by-step instructions for completing the form:
- Download and Review the Form
Obtain the N-400 from the USCIS website. Always use the most recent version of the form to ensure compliance with current requirements. Review the instructions provided by USCIS to understand the documentation and information needed. - Provide Personal Information
The first sections of the N-400 require your full legal name, date of birth, country of birth, and current address. If you’ve used other names or have different permanent resident card details, provide that information as well. - Complete Residence and Employment History
Record your residential addresses for the past five years. Similarly, list your employment or school history during the same timeframe, including addresses, positions, and dates. - Document Travel Outside the U.S.
Provide details of all trips outside the U.S. lasting 24 hours or longer during the past five years. Include dates, destinations, and reasons for travel. - Answer Eligibility and Good Moral Character Questions
Respond truthfully to all questions about your legal and criminal history, affiliations, and compliance with tax obligations. Misrepresentation can lead to denial and potential legal consequences. - Sign and Submit with Supporting Documents
Sign the completed form and attach required documentation, such as copies of your green card, passport, and photographs. If applying based on marriage, include additional evidence like a marriage certificate. - Pay the Fee
As of 2024, the N-400 filing fee is $640, with an $85 biometric services fee. Certain applicants may qualify for a fee waiver or reduction based on income. - Attend Biometrics and Interview
USCIS will schedule a biometrics appointment and later a naturalization interview. Be prepared to answer questions about your application and take the English and civics tests unless exempt.
How Long Does It Take to Get a Report of Immigration Medical Examination?
The Report of Immigration Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693) is typically not required for the N-400. However, if USCIS requests it, the timeline to obtain this report depends on your ability to schedule an appointment with a USCIS-designated civil surgeon.
- Booking the Appointment: Many civil surgeons have waiting lists, so schedule your appointment as soon as possible.
- Examination Process: The medical exam includes physical checks, vaccination verification, and blood tests. It typically takes 1–2 weeks to complete.
- Submitting Form I-693: Once the civil surgeon completes the examination, they will seal Form I-693 in an envelope, which you must submit to USCIS unopened.
If USCIS requests Form I-693 during your N-400 process, promptly provide it to avoid delays in your naturalization timeline.
Processing Times for the N-400
The N-400 process typically takes 8–14 months from filing to completion, depending on USCIS workload and your local office. Stay informed by checking your case status online and attending all appointments as scheduled.
