Social Security and Supplemental Security Income are two important sources of income for many people in the United States. However, you may be wondering whether non U.S. citizens are eligible for these benefits. While there are a number of benefits that non—citizens are entitled to, determining this and the right to such benefits is a complicated affair.
Can noncitizens receive social security benefits?
True, non citizens can access social security benefits, but there are conditions to fulfill in order to get them including:
- Lack of criminal record: You must be admitted to the U.S. and have permission to gain employment there.
- You must have been employed for a time: You need to have worked certain hours for pay in the U.S. or own a social security number.
- Having a social security number: If you were given a social security number after the year 2003, you must have been allowed to work at the time that the number was given to you.
If a non citizen has been able to maintain any of the above conditions then the person may be entitled to benefits of social security such as retirement benefits, compensation occupational, or survivor benefits.
Can noncitizens receive social security benefits while living outside the U.S.?
If you are a noncitizen and plan to live outside the United States, your eligibility for Social Security benefits depends on several factors:
- Your country of residence: Some countries have agreements with the U.S. that allow benefits to continue.
- Length of time outside the U.S.: If you stay outside the U.S. for more than six months in a row, your payments may stop unless you meet certain exceptions.
- Returning to the U.S.: If your benefits are stopped, you must return to the U.S. and stay for a full calendar month before payments can restart.
It is important to check with the Social Security Administration (SSA) about specific rules if you are planning to live abroad.
Can noncitizens qualify for supplemental security income (SSI)?
SSI is different from Social Security benefits, and the rules for noncitizens are stricter. Some noncitizens may qualify for SSI, but they must meet one of the following conditions:
- Lawful permanent resident (green card holder): If you have worked long enough in the U.S. or have a qualifying work history.
- Refugee or asylee: You may be eligible for up to seven years after obtaining your status.
- Certain humanitarian statuses: Some groups, such as victims of trafficking, may qualify.
Unlike Social Security benefits, SSI is based on financial need, so income and resources are also considered when determining eligibility.
How do noncitizens apply for social security or SSI benefits?
If you believe you qualify, you can apply for benefits by:
- Visiting the Social Security Administration website: You can find eligibility details and begin the application process online.
- Calling the SSA office: Speaking with a representative can help clarify your eligibility.
- Visiting a local SSA office: Applying in person may be helpful if you have questions or need assistance with documents.
What documents do noncitizens need to apply?
When applying for Social Security benefits or SSI, you may need to provide:
- Proof of lawful presence (such as a green card or work authorization).
- Social Security number.
- Work history records (such as tax documents or pay stubs).
- Financial information (for SSI applicants).
The application process can be complex, so it is best to gather all necessary documents beforehand.
Continue reading:
What do I need to report to Social Security if I get Supplemental Security Income (SSI)?
How much Social Security will I get if I only worked 10 years?
